A method for preparing lubricating oil basic oil by vegetable oil consists of modifying the vegetable oil to methyle esters first to obtain methyl fatty acid salt, then making the methyl fatty acid salt and the corresponding polyatomic alcohol perform ester-exchanging to prepare corresponding polyatomic alcohol methyl fatty acid salt, finally obtaining the lubricating oil basic oil. The invention breaks through the routine thinking that the lubricating oil basic oil can only be obtained by esterification reaction between aliphatic acid and pentaerythrite, on the mature basis of modifying the vegetable oil to methyle esters, adopts ester-exchanging reaction mode between methyl fatty acid salt and polyatomic alcohol. Proved by researching test, the method is of low production cost, strong competitive power in the market and is of broad prospect. The vegetable oil can be regenerated, which solves the problem that the oil and the ore are in short supply, furthermore, the vegetable oil product possesses biodegradability which avoids the destroy to the environment, at the same time, selecting the vegetable oil as raw material, can promote the agroresource to centralize towards the high-value agricultural product, can push the strategic adjustment of the agricultural structure, can optimize resource allocation, and the economic and social benefit are prominent. |