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Molecular formula : C4H10O
MW : 74.12
CAS No. : 60-29-7
nature : colorless volatile liquid flows, flammable, aromatic odor. With hygroscopicity and suitable. Solidification point -116.3 ° C, -116.2 ° C melting point, boiling point of 34.5 ° C and relative density of 0.7145 (20 / 4 ° C), the vapor pressure (20 ° C) 58.9283kPa, surface tension (20 ° C) 17. 3m N / m, 1.3527 refractive index, viscosity (20 ° C) 0.23mPa s, heat capacity (30 ° C) 2.29kJ / (kg ° C), flash point (closed cup) -49 ° C, 180-190 ° C spontaneous combustion point, Moore evaporation latent heat (30 ° C) 26.02kJ/mol, critical temperature of 194 ° C, critical pressure 3.60MPa. With the majority of organic solvents miscibility, the water solubility of ether ether size of the 1 / 50, ether in 12 ° C water solubility of water volume of 1 / 10. With 10 times the volume of oxygen mixed into the gas mixture, the spark may occur in case of explosion. Ether prolonged contact with oxygen and light can form peroxide ether : When the ether evaporated, the residual oxides heated to 100 ° C and above can cause a powerful explosion. To ether 5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution which would remove the peroxide. To avoid generating peroxide, often ether adding antioxidants, such as diethyl DITHIOCARBAMIC Sodium : Ether is very stable, its steam at 450 ° C below do not change, 550 ° Cbegin to decompose. Below 100 ° C, acid, alkali and ether no role. Ether and the role of boron trifluoride diethyl ether can be formed of boron trifluoride, in alkylation, acylation, polymerization, water, condensation catalyst for the reaction.
Preparation : 1. Ethanol-sulfuric acid, ethanol concentrated sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent and the reaction 130-135 ° C, generate ether (speculate the reaction mechanism is Mr. into sulfuric acid ester, ethanol, and thereby generated ether), and then were, fractionation, in finished. 2. Hydration of ethylene from ethanol by-product recovery ether France's main industrial sources of ethylene hydration system is the by-product of ethanol. Ethylene catalytic hydration system ethanol, when used solid phosphoric acid catalyst, about 2% to 3% yield ether generation; The legitimate sulfate water, ether yield up to 8% -10%. Responses need to be adjusted according to conditions, but could also change the ether with ethanol or the proportion dedicated to the production of ethyl ether. The consumption of raw materials fixed : ethanol (95%) 1400 kg / t, sulfuric acid (98%) 45kg / t.
purposes : ether in organic synthesis mainly for the solvent. The ether dissolved in the water very small, thus it can be used extraction of dissolved organic matter in water. Ether also dissolved bromine, iodine, phosphorus, chromium oxide, iron oxide, stannous chloride and minerals such as mercuric chloride. Ether itself nitrification insoluble fiber, but ether and ethanol mixtures Nitrocellulose is a good solvent, was used Moyanhuolue, cotton, plastic and photographic film production. Ether is used in the extraction of natural products agent or reaction medium. But the volatile ether, but with anesthesia, as solvent use is subject to certain limitations. Ether is the first successful trial of surgical anesthetic. Its advantage is powerful, security, and the darling of liver toxicity, muscle relaxation more complete, not increase drug use muscle relaxation. Shortcomings of the mucous membrane irritation, narcotic longer induction period, the risk of explosion combustion, and Potential adverse reactions more, tend to use fewer or no.
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