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Molecular formula : CH3NO2
MW : 61.04
CAS, introductory-52-5
nature : a transparent colorless, oily liquid with a faint aroma. -28.55 ° C melting point, boiling point, 101.2 ° C and 46.6 ° C (13.3kPa), the relative density of 1.1371 (20 / 4 ° C), the refractive index of 1.3819, a flash point of 45 ° C, the vapor pressure (20 ° C) 3.706kPa, lighted 421 ° C, viscosity 0.647mPa s. Hard to dissolve in water, and ethanol, ethyl ether and acetone immiscible organic solvent. 20 ° C water solubility of 9.5% (volume). The explosive materials, vapor and air can form explosive mixtures in air by the explosion limit of 7.3% (volume). Toxic. Flammable. Their solution was acidic.
Preparation : 1. Methane gas denitrification law would dilute nitric acid mist spray to make it into gasification, and after preheating of methane (natural gas) mixed, nitric acid, methane, water vapor to maintain a certain ratio. Gas mixture to melt into the heating medium for the pipeline reactor, in the 450-550 ° C and atmospheric conditions direct nitration. Reaction by the resultant condensation and water absorption, the nitromethane distilled water in rough nitromethane, after washing, distillation derived products. Ton industrial products consume nitrate Beixing, natural gas (CH4> 95%) 20000 (standard conditions). 2. Dimethyl sulfate and sodium nitrite reaction of sodium nitrite and dimethyl sulfate joined reactor for reaction product by condensation, distillation, cooling stratification in finished. You can also use sodium nitrite and sodium chloroacetate feedback, in heating system. Nitrite and Halon system in response. The industry also can use other low-carbon alkane (ethane, propane) direct chlorine nitrification phase, but the reaction is resultant nitro methane, ethane nitro, nitro-propane mixture.
purposes : Nitromethane a larger polarity, with many miscible organic compounds, is a good solvent and can be used as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, vinyl resins, polyacrylate coating and beeswax and other solvents. The system can also be used for admission of explosives, rockets, fuel, medicine, dyes, insecticides, fungicides, stabilizers, surfactants and gasoline additives.
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