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Molecular formula : C4H10
MW : No. Using 58.12
CAS-97-8
nature : colorless flammable gas. Density (101.3 kPa, 25 ° C) 2.4553kg/m3, boiling point (101.3 kPa) -0.5 ° C -138.35 ° C melting point, 1.3326 refractive index, the flash point of -60 ° C, critical pressure 3.797MPa. 152.01 ° Ccritical temperature, critical size 225cm3/mol. Do not dissolve in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and other hydrocarbons. With the formation of an explosive mixture of air and explosive limits of 1.8% -8.4%.
preparation methods : gas oil, natural gas and wet gas cracking contain butane, derived by separation. (1) from the gas and oil separation wet gas pressurized condensation of its separation available with propane, butane liquefied petroleum gas, and then be separated by distillation butane. (2) pyrolysis oil from the C4 fraction separated from the refinery at room temperature vacuum distillation from gas, re-FCC, coking and thermal cracking, hydrocracking from liquid gas can be substantial C4cut from restructuring, hydrocracking and atmospheric and vacuum distillation from C4 fraction mainly for butane (n-butane and isobutane). Ethylene-product of the C4 fraction may contain butane, such as naphtha cracker Medium depth product butane yield of 0.19% (weight), or C4 fractions of 6.5%. By the FCCU exhaust, fractionation, isolated C3 fraction, isobutene and C5, the first from the bottom into acetonitrile extractive distillation tower, from the top to be more than 90% of n-butane.
purposes : in addition to direct butane is used for fuel, also used as solvent, refrigerant and organic chemicals. Butane in the presence of dehydrogenation catalysts generated butene or butadiene, or sulfuric acid in the presence of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid isomers as isobutane, catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane production isobutene, isobutane as alkylation agent and olefins generated good antiknock properties of branched-chain hydrocarbons. Butane by catalytic oxidation system, maleic anhydride, acid, acetaldehyde; By halide can be used halogenated butane; By nitration available nitro butane; The high temperature catalyst can be prepared from carbon disulfide; After the steam system can be admitted into hydrogen. Moreover, butane motor fuel could be done to control the downblending-volatile components; Also do heavy oil refining deasphalting agent; Well wax precipitation agent; Secondary oil recovery for the overspill of agents, resin foam, seawater into fresh water refrigerant, and the odds for olefin polymerization solvent.
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